Index

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y

Symbols

- (dash)

datetime format element, 2-69

$ (dollar sign)

number format element, 2-64

% (percent) used with LIKE operator, 5-16

, (comma)

datetime format element, 2-69

number format element, 2-64

: (colon)

datetime format element, 2-69

. (period)

datetime format element, 2-69

number format element, 2-64

; (semicolon)

datetime format element, 2-69

/ (slash)

datetime format element, 2-69

Numerics

0 (zero)

number format element, 2-64

20th century, 2-73

21st century, 2-73

7.3.4 release

upgrading to Oracle9i release 2, 9-24

9 (nine)

number format element, 2-64

A

ABORT LOGICAL STANDBY clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-47

ABS function, 6-17

ACCESSED GLOBALLY clause

of CREATE CONTEXT, 13-13

ACCOUNT LOCK clause

of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER

of CREATE USER, 16-37

ACCOUNT UNLOCK clause

of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER

of CREATE USER, 16-37

ACOS function, 6-17

ACTIVATE STANDBY DATABASE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-43

ACTIVE_INSTANCE_COUNT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-33

A.D. datetime format element, 2-69, 2-73

AD datetime format element, 2-69, 2-73

ADD clause

of ALTER DIMENSION, 9-58

of ALTER INDEXTYPE, 9-86

of ALTER TABLE, 11-41

of ALTER VIEW, 12-32

ADD DATAFILE clause

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 11-104

ADD LOG GROUP clause

of ALTER TABLE, 11-34

ADD LOGFILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-19

ADD LOGFILE GROUP clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-39

ADD LOGFILE MEMBER clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-19, 9-39

ADD LOGFILE THREAD clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-38

ADD OVERFLOW clause

of ALTER TABLE, 11-40

ADD PARTITION clause

of ALTER TABLE, 11-69, 11-71, 11-72

ADD PRIMARY KEY clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 9-114

ADD ROWID clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 9-114

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 9-114

ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-40

ADD TEMPFILE clause

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 11-104

ADD VALUES clause

of ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY PARTITION, 11-65

ADD_MONTHS function, 6-18

adding a constraint, 11-58

ADMINISTER DATABASE TRIGGER system privilege, 17-42

ADVISE clause

of ALTER SESSION, 10-3

AFTER clause

of CREATE TRIGGER, 15-98

AFTER triggers, 15-98

AGENT clause

of CREATE LIBRARY, 14-3

aggregate functions, 6-8

user-defined, creating, 13-61

alias

for a column, 8-3

for an expressions in a view query, 16-43

specifying in queries and subqueries, 18-17

ALL clause

of SELECT, 18-11

of SET CONSTRAINTS, 18-45

of SET ROLE, 18-48

ALL EXCEPT clause

of SET ROLE, 18-48

ALL operator, 5-5

ALL PRIVILEGES clause

of GRANT, 17-34

of REVOKE, 17-93

ALL PRIVILEGES shortcut

of AUDIT, 12-57

ALL shortcut

of AUDIT, 12-57

ALL_COL_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 12-72

ALL_ROWS hint, 2-94

ALL_TAB_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 12-72

ALLOCATE EXTENT clause

of ALTER CLUSTER, 9-7, 9-8

of ALTER INDEX, 9-64, 9-70

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 9-96

of ALTER TABLE, 11-35

ALLOW CORRUPTION clause

of ALTER DATABASE ... RECOVER, 9-28

ALTER ANY CLUSTER system privilege, 17-36

ALTER ANY DIMENSION system privilege, 17-37

ALTER ANY INDEX system privilege, 17-38

ALTER ANY INDEXTYPE system privilege, 17-38

ALTER ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW system privilege, 17-38

ALTER ANY OUTLINE system privilege, 17-39

ALTER ANY PROCEDURE system privilege, 17-39

ALTER ANY ROLE system privilege, 17-40

ALTER ANY SEQUENCE system privilege, 17-40

ALTER ANY TABLE system privilege, 17-41

ALTER ANY TRIGGER system privilege, 17-42

ALTER ANY TYPE system privilege, 17-42

ALTER CLUSTER statement, 9-6

ALTER DATABASE statement, 9-11

ALTER DATABASE system privilege, 17-37

ALTER DIMENSION statement, 9-56

ALTER FUNCTION statement, 9-59

ALTER INDEX statement, 9-62

ALTER INDEXTYPE statement, 9-85

ALTER JAVA CLASS statement, 9-87

ALTER JAVA SOURCE statement, 9-87

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG statement, 9-110

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW statement, 9-90

ALTER object privilege, 17-46

on a sequence, 17-48

on a table, 17-47

ALTER OPERATOR statement, 9-117

ALTER OUTLINE statement, 9-118

ALTER PACKAGE statement, 9-120

ALTER PROCEDURE statement, 9-124

ALTER PROFILE statement, 9-127

ALTER PROFILE system privilege, 17-40

ALTER RESOURCE COST statement, 9-131

ALTER RESOURCE COST system privilege, 17-40

ALTER ROLE statement, 9-134

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT statement, 9-136

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT system privilege, 17-40

ALTER SEQUENCE statement, 9-140

ALTER SESSION statement, 10-2

ALTER SESSION system privilege, 17-40

ALTER SNAPSHOT LOG. See ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG

ALTER SNAPSHOT. See ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW

ALTER statements

triggers on, 15-101

ALTER SYSTEM statement, 10-20

ALTER SYSTEM system privilege, 17-37

ALTER TABLE statement, 11-2

ALTER TABLESPACE statement, 11-102

ALTER TABLESPACE system privilege, 17-42

ALTER TRIGGER statement, 12-2

ALTER TYPE statement, 12-6

ALTER USER statement, 12-22

ALTER USER system privilege, 17-43

ALTER VIEW statement, 12-31

alter_external_table_clause

of ALTER TABLE, 11-16

A.M. datetime format element, 2-69, 2-73

AM datetime format element, 2-69, 2-73

American National Standards Institute (ANSI), B-1

datatypes, 2-36

conversion to Oracle datatypes, 2-36

datatypes, implicit conversion, 2-36

standards, xix, 1-2, B-2

supported datatypes, 2-5

analytic functions, 6-10

AVG, 6-22

CORR, 6-37

COUNT, 6-40

COVAR_POP, 6-42

COVAR_SAMP, 6-44

CUME_DIST, 6-47

DENSE_RANK, 6-55

FIRST, 6-67

FIRST_VALUE, 6-69

inverse distribution, 6-118, 6-121

LAG, 6-80

LAST, 6-81

LAST_VALUE, 6-84

LEAD, 6-86

linear regression, 6-129

MAX, 6-95

MIN, 6-97

NTILE, 6-109

OVER clause, 6-10, 6-12

PERCENT_CONT, 6-118

PERCENT_DISC, 6-121

PERCENT_RANK, 6-116

RANK, 6-123

RATIO_TO_REPORT, 6-125

ROW_NUMBER, 6-139

STDDEV, 6-148

STDDEV_POP, 6-149

STDDEV_SAMP, 6-151

SUM, 6-154

syntax, 6-10

user-defined, 6-12, 13-61

VAR_POP, 6-202

VAR_SAMP, 6-204

VARIANCE, 6-206

ANALYZE ANY system privilege, 17-43

ANALYZE CLUSTER statement, 12-34

ANALYZE INDEX statement, 12-34

ANALYZE TABLE statement, 12-34

ANCILLARY TO clause

of CREATE OPERATOR, 14-46

AND condition, 5-8

AND DATAFILES clause

of DROP TABLESPACE, 17-12

AND_EQUAL hint, 2-94

ANSI. See American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

ANY operator, 5-5

APPEND hint, 2-94

application servers

allowing connection as user, 12-26

applications

allowing connection as user, 12-26

securing, 13-12

validating, 13-12

AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE role, 17-45

AQ_TM_PROCESSES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-34

AQ_USER_ROLE role, 17-45

ARCHIVE LOG clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 10-23

archive logs

applying to standby database, 9-31

archive mode

specifying, 13-29

ARCHIVE_LAG_TARGET initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-34

archived redo logs

location, 9-26

storage locations, 10-69

ARCHIVELOG clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-19, 9-37

of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 13-20

of CREATE DATABASE, 13-29

arguments

of operators, 3-1

arithmetic

operators, 3-3

with DATE values, 2-20

AS clause

of CREATE JAVA, 13-103

AS EXTERNAL clause

of CREATE FUNCTION, 14-69

of CREATE TYPE BODY, 16-30

AS OBJECT clause

of CREATE TYPE, 16-9

AS subquery clause

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 14-26

of CREATE TABLE, 15-61

of CREATE VIEW, 16-46

AS TABLE clause

of CREATE TYPE, 16-19

AS VARRAY clause

of CREATE TYPE, 16-18

ASC clause

of CREATE INDEX, 13-77

ASCII

character set, 2-46

ASCII function, 6-18

ASCIISTR function, 6-19

ASIN function, 6-20

ASSOCIATE STATISTICS statement, 12-50

ATAN function, 6-21

ATAN2 function, 6-21

ATTRIBUTE clause

of ALTER DIMENSION, 9-57

of CREATE DIMENSION, 13-44, 13-47

attributes

adding to a dimension, 9-58

dropping from a dimension, 9-58

maximum number of in object type, 15-24

of dimensions, defining, 13-47

of user-defined types

mapping to Java fields, 16-12

AUDIT ANY system privilege, 17-43

AUDIT SYSTEM system privilege, 17-37

AUDIT_FILE_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-35

AUDIT_SYS_OPERATIONS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-35

AUDIT_TRAIL initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-35

auditing

options

for database objects, 12-60

for SQL statements, 12-62

policies

value-based, 12-54

SQL statements, 12-55, 12-60

by a proxy, 12-55

by a user, 12-55

SQL statements, on a directory, 12-56

SQL statements, on a schema, 12-56

SQL statements, stopping, 17-81

system privileges, 12-55

users connected to SYS schema, 10-35

AUTHENTICATED BY clause

of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 13-40

AUTHENTICATED clause

of ALTER USER, 12-27

AUTHID CURRENT_USER clause

of ALTER JAVA, 9-88

of CREATE FUNCTION, 13-58

of CREATE JAVA, 13-99, 13-101

of CREATE PACKAGE, 14-54

of CREATE PROCEDURE, 14-68

of CREATE TYPE, 12-14, 16-10

AUTHID DEFINER clause

of ALTER JAVA, 9-88

of CREATE FUNCTION, 13-58

of CREATE JAVA, 13-99, 13-101

of CREATE PACKAGE, 14-54

of CREATE PROCEDURE, 14-68

of CREATE TYPE, 12-14, 16-10

AUTOALLOCATE clause

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 15-87

AUTOEXTEND clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-18

of CREATE DATABASE, 13-26

of CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE, 15-93

automatic segment-space management, 2-16, 15-89

Automatic Undo Management mode, 9-136, 13-33

AVG function, 6-22

B

number format element, 2-64

BACKGROUND_CORE_DUMP initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-35

BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-36

BACKUP ANY TABLE system privilege, 17-41

BACKUP CONTROLFILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-20, 9-42

BACKUP_TAPE_IO_SLAVES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-36

B.C. datetime format element, 2-69, 2-73

BC datetime format element, 2-69, 2-73

BECOME USER system privilege, 17-43

BEFORE clause

of CREATE TRIGGER, 15-98

BEFORE triggers, 15-98

BEGIN BACKUP clause

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 11-107

BFILE

datatype, 2-32

locators, 2-32

BFILENAME function, 6-23

BIN_TO_NUM function, 6-25

binary large objects. See BLOB

binary operators, 3-2

BINDING clause

of CREATE OPERATOR, 14-44, 14-46

bit vectors

converting to numbers, 6-25

BITAND function, 6-25

BITMAP clause

of CREATE INDEX, 13-72

bitmap indexes, 13-72

creating join indexes, 13-67

BITMAP_MERGE_AREA_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-36

blank padding

specifying in format models, 2-75

suppressing, 2-76

BLANK_TRIMMING initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-37

blank-padded comparison semantics, 2-46

BLOB datatype, 2-33

transactional support, 2-33

BLOCKSIZE clause

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 15-84

BODY clause

of ALTER PACKAGE, 9-121

BUFFER_POOL parameter

of STORAGE clause, 7-63

BUFFER_POOL_KEEP initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-37

BUFFER_POOL_RECYCLE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-38

BUILD DEFERRED clause

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 14-20

BUILD IMMEDIATE clause

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 14-20

BY ACCESS clause

of AUDIT, 12-59

BY proxy clause

of AUDIT, 12-58

BY SESSION clause

of AUDIT, 12-59

BY user clause

of AUDIT, 12-57

BYTE character semantics, 2-10, 2-11

BYTE length semantics, 11-51

C

number format element, 2-64

C clause

of CREATE TYPE, 16-15

of CREATE TYPE BODY, 16-29

C method

mapping to an object type, 16-15

CACHE clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 9-101

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 9-114

of ALTER TABLE, 11-35, 15-52

of CREATE CLUSTER, 13-9

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 14-19

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 14-38

CACHE hint, 2-94

CACHE parameter

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE, 9-140

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 14-92

CACHE READS clause

of ALTER TABLE, 11-45

of CREATE TABLE, 15-53

cached cursors

execution plan for, 17-24

CALL clause

of CREATE TRIGGER, 15-106

CALL procedure statement

of CREATE TRIGGER, 15-106

call spec. See call specifications

call specifications

in procedures, 14-64

of CREATE PROCEDURE, 14-68

of CREATE TYPE, 16-15

of CREATE TYPE BODY, 16-29

CALL statement, 12-68

calls

limiting CPU time for, 14-74

limiting data blocks read, 14-74

Cartesian products, 8-11

CASCADE clause

of CREATE TABLE, 15-60

of DROP PROFILE, 16-95

of DROP USER, 17-20

CASCADE CONSTRAINTS clause

of DROP CLUSTER, 16-68

of DROP TABLE, 17-9

of DROP TABLESPACE, 17-12

of DROP VIEW, 17-23

of REVOKE, 17-94

CASE expressions, 4-6

searched, 4-6

simple, 4-6

CAST function, 6-27

MULTISET parameter, 6-27

CATSEARCH condition, 5-2

CC datetime format element, 2-69

CEIL function, 6-30

chained rows

listing, 12-45

of clusters, 12-39

CHANGE CATEGORY clause

of ALTER OUTLINE, 9-119

CHAR character semantics, 2-10, 2-11

CHAR datatype, 2-10

ANSI, 2-36

converting to VARCHAR2, 2-63

CHAR length semantics, 11-51

CHAR VARYING datatype, ANSI, 2-36

CHARACTER datatype

ANSI, 2-36

DB2, 2-37

SQL/DS, 2-37

character functions, 6-4, 6-5

character large objects. See CLOB

character length semantics, 11-51

character literal. See text

CHARACTER SET parameter

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-47

of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 13-21

of CREATE DATABASE, 13-30

character sets

changing, 9-47

common, 2-46

database, specifying, 13-30

multibyte characters, 2-112

specifying for database, 13-30

character strings

comparison rules, 2-45

exact matching, 2-76

fixed-length, 2-10

national character set, 2-10

variable length, 2-11

variable-length, 2-14

zero-length, 2-10

CHARACTER VARYING datatype

ANSI, 2-36

characters

single, comparison rules, 2-46

CHARTOROWID function, 6-30

CHECK clause

of constraints, 7-15

of CREATE TABLE, 15-26

check constraints, 7-15

CHECK DATAFILES clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 10-26

CHECKPOINT clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 10-25

checkpoints

forcing, 10-25

CHOOSE hint, 2-94

CHR function, 6-31

CHUNK clause

of ALTER TABLE, 11-46

of CREATE TABLE, 15-38

CIRCUITS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-39

CLEAR LOGFILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-19, 9-41

CLOB datatype, 2-33

transactional support, 2-33

clone databases

mounting, 9-23

CLOSE DATABASE LINK clause

of ALTER SESSION, 10-3

CLUSTER clause

of ANALYZE, 12-39

of CREATE INDEX, 13-73

of CREATE TABLE, 15-35

of TRUNCATE, 18-57

CLUSTER hint, 2-95

CLUSTER_DATABASE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-39

CLUSTER_DATABASE_INSTANCES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-39

CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-40

clusters

assigning tables to, 15-35

caching retrieved blocks, 13-9

cluster indexes, 13-73

collecting statistics on, 12-39

creating, 13-2

deallocating unused extents, 9-7

degree of parallelism

changing, 9-7, 9-9

when creating, 13-8

dropping tables, 16-68

extents, allocating, 9-7, 9-8

granting system privileges on, 17-36

hash, 13-6

single-table, 13-7

indexed, 13-6

key values

allocating space for, 13-5

modifying space for, 9-8

migrated and chained rows in, 12-39, 12-45

modifying, 9-6

physical attributes

changing, 9-7

specifying, 13-5

releasing unused space, 9-9

removing from the database, 16-67

SQL examples, 16-68

storage attributes

changing, 9-7

storage characteristics, changing, 9-8

tablespace in which created, 13-6

validating structure, 12-43

COALESCE clause

for partitions, 11-72

of ALTER INDEX, 9-78

of ALTER TABLE, 11-41, 11-64

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 11-109

COALESCE function, 6-33

as a variety of CASE expression, 6-33

COALESCE SUBPARTITION clause

of ALTER TABLE, 11-64

collection types

multilevel, 15-42

collections

inserting rows into, 17-60

modifying, 11-57

modifying retrieval method, 11-10

nested tables, 2-39

treating as a table, 16-60, 17-60, 18-17, 18-62, 18-64

unnesting, 18-17

examples, 18-40

varrays, 2-39

collection-typed values

converting to datatypes, 6-27

column constraints

restrictions on, 11-51

column REF constraints, 7-16

of CREATE TABLE, 15-26

columns

adding, 11-41

aliases for, 8-3

altering storage, 11-43

associating statistics with, 12-52

basing an index on, 13-74

collecting statistics on, 12-40

comments on, 12-73

creating comments about, 12-72

defining, 15-7

dropping from a table, 11-52

LOB

storage attributes, 11-45

maximum number of, 15-24

modifying existing, 11-49

parent-child relationships between, 13-43

properties, altering, 11-11, 11-43

qualifying names of, 8-2

REF

describing, 7-16

renaming, 11-56

restricting values for, 7-5

specifying as primary key, 7-13

specifying constraints on, 15-26

specifying default values, 15-25

storage properties, 15-36

substitutable, identifying type, 6-164

COLUMNS clause

of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 12-50, 12-52

COMMENT ANY TABLE system privilege, 17-43

COMMENT clause

of COMMIT, 12-76

COMMENT statement, 12-72

comments, 2-90

adding to objects, 12-72

associating with a transaction, 12-76

dropping from objects, 12-72

in SQL statements, 2-90

on indextypes, 12-74

on operators, 12-73

on schema objects, 2-91

on table columns, 12-73

on tables, 12-73

removing from the data dictionary, 12-72

specifying, 2-90

viewing, 12-72

commit

automatic, 12-75

COMMIT IN PROCEDURE clause

of ALTER SESSION, 10-3

COMMIT statement, 12-75

COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-45

COMMIT_POINT_STRENGTH initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-40

comparison conditions, 5-4

comparison functions

MAP, 16-30

ORDER, 16-30

comparison semantics

blank-padded, 2-46

nonpadded, 2-45

of character strings, 2-45

COMPATIBLE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-40

COMPILE clause

of ALTER DIMENSION, 9-58

of ALTER FUNCTION, 9-60

of ALTER JAVA SOURCE, 9-88

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 9-106

of ALTER PACKAGE, 9-121

of ALTER PROCEDURE, 9-125

of ALTER TRIGGER, 12-3

of ALTER TYPE, 12-10

of ALTER VIEW, 12-33

of CREATE JAVA, 13-100

compiler switches

dropping and preserving, 9-60, 9-122, 9-125, 12-4, 12-11

COMPOSE function, 6-34

composite foreign keys, 7-14

composite partitioning

range-list, 11-63, 15-51

when creating a table, 15-19, 15-49

composite primary keys, 7-13

COMPOSITE_LIMIT parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 9-128

of CREATE PROFILE, 14-75

compound conditions, 5-21

compound expressions, 4-5

COMPRESS clause

of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 9-75

of CREATE TABLE, 15-32

compression

of index keys, 9-65

COMPUTE STATISTICS clause

of ALTER INDEX... REBUILD, 9-75

of ANALYZE, 12-39

of CREATE INDEX, 13-80

CONCAT function, 6-35

concatenation operator, 3-4

conditions

comparison, 5-4

compound, 5-21

EXISTS, 5-13, 5-14

group comparison, 5-7

in SQL syntax, 5-1

IS OF type, 5-19

LIKE, 5-15

logical, 5-8

membership, 5-9

null, 5-13

range, 5-12

simple comparison, 5-5

UNDER_PATH, 5-20

CONNECT BY clause

of queries and subqueries, 18-21

of SELECT, 8-5, 18-20

CONNECT clause

of SELECT and subqueries, 18-8

CONNECT role, 17-45

CONNECT THROUGH clause

of ALTER USER, 12-27

CONNECT TO clause

of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 13-39

CONNECT_TIME parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 9-128

of ALTER RESOURCE COST, 9-132

CONSIDER FRESH clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 9-106

constant values. See literals

CONSTRAINT(S) session parameter, 10-10

constraints

adding to a table, 11-58

altering, 11-11

check, 7-15

checking

at end of transaction, 7-19

at start of transaction, 7-20

at the end of each DML statement, 7-19

column REF, 7-16

deferrable, 7-19, 18-45

enforcing, 10-10

defining, 7-5, 15-7

for a table, 15-26

on a column, 15-26

disabling, 15-55

cascading, 15-60

disabling after table creation, 11-89

disabling during table creation, 15-22

dropping, 11-11, 11-59, 17-12

enabling, 15-55, 15-58

enabling after table creation, 11-89

enabling during table creation, 15-22

foreign key, 7-14

modifying existing, 11-58

on views

dropping, 12-33, 17-23

modifying, 12-33

primary key, 7-13

attributes of index, 7-23

enabling, 15-57

referential integrity, 7-14

renaming, 11-59

restrictions, 7-11

setting state for a transaction, 18-45

storing rows in violation, 11-82

table REF, 7-16

unique

attributes of index, 7-23

enabling, 15-57

constructor methods

and object types, 16-3

constructors

defining for an object type, 16-16

user-defined, 16-16

CONTAINS condition, 5-2

context namespaces

accessible to instance, 13-14

associating with package, 13-12

initializing using OCI, 13-13

initializing using the LDAP directory, 13-13

removing from the database, 16-69

contexts

creating namespaces for, 13-12

granting system privileges on, 17-36

control files

allowing reuse, 13-18, 13-27

backing up, 9-42

force logging mode, 13-20

re-creating, 13-15

CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-41

CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-41

controlfile clauses

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-20

CONTROLFILE REUSE clause

of CREATE DATABASE, 13-27

controlfiles

standby, creating, 9-42

conversion

functions, 6-6

rules, string to date, 2-78

CONVERT clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-50

CONVERT function, 6-36

CORE_DUMP_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-42

CORR function, 6-37

correlated subqueries, 8-14

correlation names

for base tables of indexes, 13-74

in DELETE, 16-60

in SELECT, 18-17

COS function, 6-39

COSH function, 6-40

COUNT function, 6-40

COVAR_POP function, 6-42

COVAR_SAMP function, 6-44

CPU_COUNT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-42

CPU_PER_CALL parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 9-128

of CREATE PROFILE, 14-74

CPU_PER_SESSION parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 9-128

of ALTER RESOURCE COST, 9-131

of CREATE PROFILE, 14-74

CREATE ANY CLUSTER system privilege, 17-36

CREATE ANY CONTEXT system privilege, 17-36

CREATE ANY DIMENSION system privilege, 17-37

CREATE ANY DIRECTORY system privilege, 17-37

CREATE ANY INDEX system privilege, 17-38

CREATE ANY INDEXTYPE system privilege, 17-38

CREATE ANY LIBRARY system privilege, 17-38

CREATE ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW system privilege, 17-38

CREATE ANY OPERATOR system privilege, 17-39

CREATE ANY OUTLINE system privilege, 17-39

CREATE ANY PROCEDURE system privilege, 17-39

CREATE ANY SEQUENCE system privilege, 17-40

CREATE ANY SYNONYM system privilege, 17-41

CREATE ANY TABLE system privilege, 17-41

CREATE ANY TRIGGER system privilege, 17-42

CREATE ANY TYPE system privilege, 17-42

CREATE ANY VIEW system privilege, 17-43

CREATE CLUSTER statement, 13-2

CREATE CLUSTER system privilege, 17-36

CREATE CONTEXT statement, 13-12

CREATE CONTROLFILE statement, 13-15

CREATE DATABASE LINK statement, 13-37

CREATE DATABASE LINK system privilege, 17-37

CREATE DATABASE statement, 13-23

CREATE DATAFILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-17, 9-34

CREATE DIMENSION

system privilege, 17-37

CREATE DIMENSION statement, 13-43

CREATE DIRECTORY statement, 13-49

CREATE FUNCTION statement, 13-52

CREATE INDEX

statement, 13-65

CREATE INDEXTYPE

statement, 13-95

CREATE INDEXTYPE system privilege, 17-37

CREATE JAVA statement, 13-98

CREATE LIBRARY statement, 14-2

CREATE LIBRARY system privilege, 17-38

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG statement, 14-34

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW statement, 14-5

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW system privilege, 17-38

CREATE OPERATOR statement, 14-44

CREATE OPERATOR system privilege, 17-39

CREATE OUTLINE statement, 14-48

CREATE PACKAGE BODY statement, 14-57

CREATE PACKAGE statement, 14-52

CREATE PFILE statement, 14-62

CREATE PROCEDURE statement, 14-64

CREATE PROCEDURE system privilege, 17-39

CREATE PROFILE statement, 14-71

CREATE PROFILE system privilege, 17-40

CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK system privilege, 17-37

CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM system privilege, 17-41

CREATE ROLE statement, 14-79

CREATE ROLE system privilege, 17-40

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT statement, 14-82

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT system privilege, 17-40

CREATE SCHEMA statement, 14-86

CREATE SEQUENCE statement, 14-89

CREATE SEQUENCE system privilege, 17-40

CREATE SESSION system privilege, 17-40

CREATE SPFILE statement, 14-94

CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-20, 9-42

CREATE statements

triggers on, 15-101

CREATE SYNONYM statement, 15-2

CREATE SYNONYM system privilege, 17-41

CREATE TABLE statement, 15-7

CREATE TABLE system privilege, 17-41

CREATE TABLESPACE statement, 15-80

CREATE TABLESPACE system privilege, 17-42

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE statement, 15-92

CREATE TRIGGER statement, 15-95

CREATE TRIGGER system privilege, 17-42

CREATE TYPE BODY statement, 16-25

CREATE TYPE statement, 16-3

CREATE TYPE system privilege, 17-42

CREATE USER statement, 16-32

CREATE USER system privilege, 17-43

CREATE VIEW statement, 16-39

CREATE VIEW system privilege, 17-43

CREATE_BITMAP_AREA_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-42

CREATE_STORED_OUTLINES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-43

CREATE_STORED_OUTLINES session parameter, 10-11

cross joins, 18-19

CUBE clause

of SELECT statements, 18-22

CUME_DIST function, 6-47

cumulative distributions, 6-47

currency symbol

ISO, 2-65

local, 2-65

setting for a session, 10-8

union, 2-66

CURRENT_DATE function, 6-49

CURRENT_SCHEMA session parameter, 10-11

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function, 6-50

CURRENT_USER clause

of CREATE DATABASE LINKI, 13-39

CURRVAL pseudocolumn, 2-82, 14-89

CURSOR expressions, 4-7

CURSOR_SHARING initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION, 10-7, 10-43

CURSOR_SPACE_FOR_TIME initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-44

cursors

cached, 17-24

CustomDatum Java storage format, 16-11

CYCLE parameter

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE, 9-140

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 14-92

D

number format element, 2-64

data

aggregation

composite columns of GROUP BY, 18-23

concatenated grouping sets of GROUP BY, 18-23

grouping sets, 18-23

caching frequently used, 11-35, 15-52

independence, 15-2

integrity checking on input, 2-13

retrieving, 8-2

specifying as temporary, 15-23

undo

storing, 14-82

data conversion, 2-48

between character datatypes, 2-51

implicit

disadvantages, 2-49

implicit versus explicit, 2-49

when performed implicitly, 2-49, 2-51

when specified explicitly, 2-52

data definition language (DDL)

events and triggers, 15-101

statements, 9-2

and implicit commit, 9-2

causing recompilation, 9-2

PL/SQL support, 9-2

statements requiring exclusive access, 9-2

data dictionary

adding comments to, 12-72

data manipulation language (DML)

allowing during indexing, 9-72

operations

and triggers, 15-100

during index creation, 13-80

during index rebuild, 11-87

parallelizing, 15-53

restricting operations, 10-29

retrieving affected rows, 16-61, 17-62, 18-67

retrieving rows affected by, 16-61, 17-62, 18-67

statements, 9-3

PL/SQL support, 9-3

triggers

and LOB columns and attributes, 2-31

data object number

in extended rowids, 2-34

data segment compression, 9-99, 11-33, 14-18, 15-29

database links, 8-16

closing, 10-3

creating, 2-118, 13-37

creating synonyms with, 15-5

current user, 13-39

granting system privileges on, 17-37

naming, 2-118

public, 13-38

dropping, 16-70

referring to, 2-119

removing from the database, 16-70

shared, 13-38

syntax, 2-118

username and password, 2-119

database objects

dropping, 17-20

nonschema, 2-107

schema, 2-106

database triggers. See triggers

databases

accounts

creating, 16-32

allowing generation of redo logs, 9-23

allowing reuse of control files, 13-27

allowing unlimited resources to users, 14-73

archive mode

specifying, 13-29

blocks

specifying size, 15-84

cache

buffers in, 10-44

cancel-based recovery, 9-27

terminating, 9-29

change-based recovery, 9-27

changing character set, 9-47

changing characteristics, 13-15

changing global name, 9-51

changing name, 13-15, 13-18

character set, specifying, 13-30

character sets

changing, 9-47

specifying, 13-30

committing to standby status, 9-45

connect strings, 2-119

controlling, 9-51

controlling use, 9-52

converting from Oracle7 data dictionary, 9-50

create script for, 9-42

creating, 13-23

datafiles

modifying, 9-34

specifying, 13-30

designing media recovery, 9-25

ending backup of, 9-34

erasing all data from, 13-23

events

and triggers, 15-102

auditing, 15-102

transparent logging of, 15-102

granting system privileges on, 17-37

in FORCE LOGGING mode, 9-38, 13-20, 13-29

instances of, 13-29

limiting resources for users, 14-71

log files

modifying, 9-37

specifying, 13-27

managed recovery, 9-15

modifying, 9-11

mounting, 9-23, 13-23

moving a subset to a different database, 11-81

naming, 9-23

national character set

specifying, 13-30

no-data-loss mode, 9-44

online

adding log files, 9-38

opening, 9-23, 13-23

after media recovery, 9-24

prepare to re-create, 9-42

preventing changes to, 9-51

protection mode of, 9-44

quiesced state, 10-29

read-only, 9-23

read/write, 9-23

reconstructing damaged, 9-25

recovering, 9-25, 9-26

recovery

allowing corrupt blocks, 9-28

testing, 9-28

with backup control file, 9-27

re-creating control file for, 13-15

remote

accessing, 8-16

authenticating users to, 13-40

connecting to, 13-39

inserting into, 17-59

service name of, 13-40

table locks on, 17-75

resetting

current log sequence, 9-24

to an earlier version, 9-50

restricting users to read-only transactions, 9-24

resuming activity, 10-29

standby

adding log files, 9-38

suspending activity, 10-29

system user passwords, 13-27

tempfiles

modifying, 9-34

time zone

determining, 6-51

setting, valid values for, 9-48, 13-35

time-based recovery, 9-27

upgrading, 9-50

DATAFILE clause

of CREATE DATABASE, 13-30

DATAFILE clauses

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-17, 9-35

DATAFILE END BACKUP clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-34

DATAFILE OFFLINE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-35

DATAFILE ONLINE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-35

DATAFILE RESIZE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-36

datafiles

bringing online, 9-35

changing size of, 9-35

creating new, 9-34

defining for a tablespace, 15-81

defining for a temporary tablespace, 15-92

defining for the database, 13-26

designing media recovery, 9-25

dropping, 17-12

enabling autoextend, 7-42

end online backup of, 9-35, 11-107

extending automatically, 7-42

mapping to logical volumes and physical devices, 10-58

online backup of, 11-107

online, updating information on, 10-26

putting online, 9-35

recover damaged, 9-25

recovering, 9-27

re-creating lost or damaged, 9-34

renaming, 9-37

resizing, 9-36

reusing, 7-41

size of, 7-41

specifying, 7-39

for a tablespace, 15-83

specifying for database, 13-30

system generated, 9-34

taking offline, 9-35

datatypes, 2-2

"Any" types, 2-40

ANSI-supported, 2-5

associating statistics with, 12-51, 12-52

BFILE, 2-9, 2-32

BLOB, 2-9, 2-33

built-in, 2-7

CHAR, 2-8, 2-10

character, 2-9

CLOB, 2-9, 2-33

comparison rules, 2-45

converting to collection-typed values, 6-27

converting to other datatypes, 6-27

DATE, 2-7, 2-18

datetime, 2-16

interval, 2-16

INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND, 2-24

INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH, 2-24

length semantics, 2-10, 2-11

LONG, 2-7, 2-14

LONG RAW, 2-8, 2-27

media types, 2-44

NCHAR, 2-8, 2-10

NCLOB, 2-9, 2-33

NUMBER, 2-12

NUMER, 2-7

NVARCHAR2, 2-7, 2-11

Oracle-supplied types, 2-40

RAW, 2-8, 2-27

ROWID, 2-8, 2-33

spatial type, 2-44

TIMESTAMP, 2-21

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE, 2-23

TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, 2-21

UROWID, 2-8, 2-35

user-defined, 2-38

VARCHAR, 2-12

VARCHAR2, 2-7, 2-11

XML types, 2-41

DATE columns

converting to datetime columns, 11-49

DATE datatype, 2-18

julian, 2-20

date format models, 2-68

punctuation in, 2-69

text in, 2-69

date functions, 6-5

dates

arithmetic, 2-20

comparison rules, 2-45

datetime arithmetic

boundary cases, 10-12

calculating daylight savings time, 2-26

datetime columns

creating from DATE columns, 11-49

datetime datatypes, 2-16

daylight savings time, 2-26

datetime expressions, 4-9

datetime field

extracting from a datetime or interval value, 6-63

datetime format elements, 2-68

and Globalization Support, 2-73

capitalization, 2-68

ISO standard, 2-73

RR, 2-73

suffixes, 2-75

datetime functions, 6-5

DAY datetime format element, 2-73

daylight savings time, 2-26

boundary cases, 2-26

going into or coming out of effect, 2-26

DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-44

DB_BLOCK_CHECKING initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION, 10-7

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-45

DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-45

DB_BLOCK_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-46

DB_CACHE_ADVICE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-46

DB_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-47, 10-72, 10-87

DB_CACHE_SIZE parameter

of ALTER SYSTEM, 10-72, 10-87

DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION, 10-7

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-47

DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION, 10-8

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-47

DB_DOMAIN initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-47

DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SESSION, 10-8

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-48

DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-48

DB_FILES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-49

DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-50

DB_NAME initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-50

DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-44

DB_RECYCLE_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-51

DB_WRITER_PROCESSES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-51

DB2 datatypes, 2-36

conversion to Oracle datatypes, 2-37

implicit conversion, 2-37

restrictions on, 2-37

DBA role, 17-45

DBA_2PC_PENDING data dictionary view, 10-3

DBA_COL_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 12-72

DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS data dictionary view, 16-98

DBA_TAB_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 12-72

DBLINK_ENCRYPT_LOGIN initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-51

DBMS_OUTPUT package, 12-3

DBMS_ROWID package

and extended rowids, 2-34

DBMSSTDX.SQL script, 13-53, 14-52, 14-57, 14-64

and triggers, 15-95

DBTIMEZONE function, 6-51

DBWR_IO_SLAVES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-52

DD datetime format element, 2-69

DDAY datetime format element, 2-69

DDD datetime format element, 2-69

DDL. See data definition language (DDL)

DEALLOCATE UNUSED clause

of ALTER CLUSTER, 9-7, 9-9

of ALTER INDEX, 9-64

of ALTER TABLE, 11-35

DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE system privilege, 17-37

DEBUG clause

of ALTER FUNCTION, 9-60

of ALTER PACKAGE, 9-122

of ALTER PROCEDURE, 9-125

of ALTER TRIGGER, 12-4

of ALTER TYPE, 12-10

DEBUG object privilege, 17-46

on a function, procedure, or package, 17-48

on a table, 17-47

on a view, 17-47

on an object type, 17-49

debugging

granting system privileges for, 17-37

decimal characters, 2-56

reset for session, 10-9

specifying, 2-65

DECIMAL datatype

ANSI, 2-36

DB2, 2-37

SQL/DS, 2-37

DECODE function, 6-52

DECOMPOSE function, 6-53

DEFAULT clause

of ALTER TABLE, 11-42

of CREATE TABLE, 15-25

DEFAULT COST clause

of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 12-51, 12-53

default index, suppressing, 14-21

DEFAULT profile

assigning to users, 16-95

DEFAULT ROLE clause

of ALTER USER, 12-26

DEFAULT SELECTIVITY clause

of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 12-51, 12-53

DEFAULT storage clause

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 11-106

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 15-86

DEFAULT TABLESPACE clause

of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER

of CREATE USER, 16-36

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 9-49

of CREATE DATABASE, 13-26

DEFERRABLE clause

of constraints, 7-19

deferrable constraints, 18-45

DEFERRED clause

of SET CONSTRAINTS, 18-45

definer-rights functions, 13-58

DELETE ANY TABLE system privilege, 17-41

DELETE object privilege, 17-46

on a table, 17-47

on a view, 17-47

DELETE statement, 16-55

triggers on, 15-100

DELETE STATISTICS clause

of ANALYZE, 12-46

DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE role, 17-45

DENSE_RANK function, 6-55

DEREF function, 6-58

DESC clause

of CREATE INDEX, 13-77

DETERMINISTIC clause

of CREATE FUNCTION, 13-59

DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILEn initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-52

DG_BROKER_START initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10-52

dimensions

attributes

adding, 9-58

changing, 9-56

defining, 13-47

dropping, 9-58

compiling invalidated, 9-58

creating, 13-43

defining levels, 13-44

examples, 13-47

granting system privileges on, 17-37

hierarchies

adding, 9-58

changing, 9-56

defining, 13-45

dropping, 9-58

levels

adding, 9-58

defining, 13-45

dropping, 9-58

removing from the database, 16-72

directories. See directory objects

directory objects

as aliases for operating system directories, 13-49

auditing, 12-59

creating, 13-49

granting system privileges on, 17-37

redefining, 13-50

removing from the database, 16-74

direct-path INSERT, 17-53

DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS clause

of ALTER TABLE, 11-90

DISABLE clause

of ALTER INDEX, 9-77

of ALTER TRIGGER, 12-3

of CREATE TABLE, 15-55

DISABLE DISTRIBUTED RECOVERY clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 10-27

DISABLE NOVALIDATE constraint state, 7-22, 15-57

DISABLE PARALLEL DML clause

of ALTER SESSION, 10-4

DISABLE QUERY REWRITE clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW,